Indian Supergene Found in Military Hospital

Indian Supergene

NDM-1 is a type of enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to most of the antibiotics that are used to fight them. NDM-1 Symptoms include E. Coli symptoms, and Klebsiella pneumonia symptoms. NDM-1 has been referred to as the Indian supergene, a super superbug, and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1. The Afghan patient from Kabul who was burnt in an explosion, passed away.

The NDM-1 supergene was first detected in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Swedish patient of Indian origin in 2008. It was later detected in bacteria in India, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan, Brazil and now Afghanistan.

NDM-1 is an enzyme that is carried in certain gram negative bacteria like E. coli, Klebsiella and others, which makes the bacterium resistant to antibiotics, including carbapenems, with the exception of the monobactam agent, aztreonam.

The ” New Delhi superbug” remains “a global concern” because of its resistance to all available antibiotics, according to a senior World Health Organisation (WHO) official. Doctors have identified the the “Indian supergene” as a potential worldwide threat.
Read More: NDM-1 Superbug Symptoms

NDM-1 Prevention

How to Prevent NDM-1 – NDM-1 Prevention

A new superbug has emerged. The newly discovered NDM-1 The Indian Supergene is spreading around the world. The antibiotic-resistant NDM-1 can turn almost any bacteria to a superbacteria. Currently, there is no way to treat this antibotic-resistant superbug.

NDM-1 bacteria has been found in patients who have undergone cosmetic surgeries in other countries such as India, and Pakistan. Medical Tourism is a popular way of obtaining affordable health care. Health tourists have contracted the NDM-1 bacteria and brought home the superbug to the UK, Canada, Taiwan and the United States.

Pharmaceutical companies are searching for antibiotics to fight the the new superbug. In the meantime, we can take steps to prevent the transmission of NDM-1.

NDM-1 Symptoms

How is NDM-1 Spread

Currently, the transmission of NDM-1 bacteria requires skin-on-skin contact. This makes NDM-1 much less dangerous than infections like H1N1 that spread through the air. So far, transmission has only been recorded through hand-to-hand contact in hospitals, but scientists says that could change.

NDM-1 Prevention – How can we prevent the Transmission of NDM-1?

There are several ways to minimize your chances of contracting the new NDM-1 Superbug:

• For the time being, do not travel to Pakistan or India until the spread of the NDM-1 gene is under control. Most NDM-1 cases have stemmed from medical tourism in these countries.
• Avoid close contact with those who have recently traveled to Asia for medical or cosmetic surgery.
• Strengthen Your Immune System with daily exercise, healthy food, and drink plenty of water.
• Practice good hygiene. Wash hands frequently and use alcohol hand sanitizer often.
• Use antibacterial soap, antibacterial wipes, and antibacterial gel as a safeguard against NDM-1.
• Stay at home if you are sick.

Read More: NDM-1 Symptoms

Medical Tourism India

Health Tourism India

Why Medical Tourism in India is on the Rise

Medical Tourism in India is flourishing in India. Medical or Health tourism is the concept of patients traveling abroad in search of affordable medical procedures. India is a popular option for Health Tourism because of it’s excellent infrastructure and technology. India is one of the best places in the world for medical treatment – at a largely reduced price. In fact, Health care in India is on par with those in USA, UK and Europe.

Symptoms of NDM 1

Medical tourism India (a.k.a. Health Tourism India) has become a multi-billion dollar industry. Medical treatment in India is only a fraction of the cost for comparable treatments in America or Britain. Medical tourism is growing rapidly as people continue to travel in search of affordable health care. Patients are frequently traveling across international borders to obtain health care and less costly medical treatments. In like manner, health insurance companies will often approve of patients traveling abroad for health care.

NDM-1 Transmission and NDM-1 Prevention

Advantages of India Medical Tourism

• reduced cost
• access to current medical technologies
• international quality standards
• less language barriers

The most popular treatments sought in India by medical tourists are alternative medicine, bone-marrow transplant, cardiac bypass, eye surgery and hip replacement. India is known in particular for heart surgery, hip resurfacing and other areas of advanced medicine.

India’s medical tourism is commonly known for providing cosmetic surgeries. Furthermore, health tourism also provides elective procedures and complex specialized surgeries.

Medical Tourism Treatments Include:

• cosmetic surgery
• dental surgery
• a variety of transplants
• knee and hip surgery
• heart surgery

Medical Tourism Linked to Spread of “Super Superbugs” such as the Drug Resistant Bacteria NDM-1

The media has identified “health tourism” and “medical tourism” to India and Pakistan as cause for the emergence of Supergene NDM-1. The Superbacteria NDM-1 was first isolated in New Delhi, India, hence the name new “Indian super bug”. It is also know as a super superbug for it’s extremely resistant nature.

NDM 1 has now spread to the USA, UK, Canada, China, Taiwan, Europe, South Korea and Afghanistan. Quite possibly, The emergence of the New Delhi Superbug may very well kill Indian Medical Tourism.

Read More: NDM-1 Symptoms

NDM-1 Symptoms – Superbug Symptoms 2011

Cre Symptoms – Symptoms of Superbug 2011 – New Superbug Symptoms

Scientists have found the NDM-1 Superbug in Delhi drinking water. Experts are now referring to the NDM 1 gene, as “super superbugs.” Read more about NDM-1, ESBL and Carbapenemases and this Gram-negative bacteria‏.

Three people who returned to the US from India earlier this year have been found to be infected by this superbug. NDM-1 is highly resistant to antibiotics as told by the US Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention. The three patients from Massachusetts, California, and Illinois were confirmed with the 2011 superbug after receiving medical care in India. Currently, the superbug has been detected in 29 countries worldwide – this includes Canada.

The NDM 1 bacteria is a newly-identified supergene that is spreading globally. NDM-1 stands for “New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase” or New Delhi-Metallo-1 (NDM-1) named after the capital capital city of India, where it was first identified. The Indian supergene is antibiotic-resistant and has the potential to become more devastating than the H1N1 Pandemic. NDM1 makes bacteria extremely resistant to almost all antibiotics, including the most potent class called carbapenems. Similar to the California Superbug, NDM-1 is Carbapenem-resistant. CRKP, is short for Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

NDM-1 Transmission and NDM-1 Prevention

NDM-1 KPC Carbapenemases emerged, on the heels of WHO announcing that H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic was finally over.

Media reports have indicated that many patients pick up the antibiotic-resistant supergene after seeking medical treatments abroad. Patients frequently travel to India in an attempt to find affordable healthcare. Medical Tourism in India is said to be the source of the supergene NDM-1.

NDM1 deaths are rising and do is global fear. Scientists claim that they have lost the war on antibiotic-resistant supergenes.

Understanding the NDM 1 Gene – Superbug 2011

Klebsiella pneumonia and E.coli bacteria can host the NDM 1 enzyme and both can lead to urinary tract infections. Symptoms of NDM1 include, Klebsiella pneumonia which affects the lungs and E.coli affects the Gastrointestinal system. Infection areas currently include India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. NDM 1 has reached Britain, America, Canada, Australia and the Netherlands. Carbapenem antibiotics are the strongest line of defense against multi-resistant bacteria. Carbapenems are often a last-resort drug. Even this powerful antibiotic cannot tackle the new NDM 1 superbug.

Superbug Symptoms

Symptoms of NDM-1- Superbug 2011 Symptoms – Cre Superbug Symptoms

Symptoms of the NDM-1 supergene include fever, pneumonia, wound infections or urinary tract infections. Similar to the California Superbug symptoms, the NDM 1 enzyme can lead to pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and blood infections. Health officials have revealed that the NDM 1 Bacteria is spread in person-to-person contact.

E. Coli symptoms:

• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Nausea
• Fatigue

Klebsiella pneumonia symptoms:

• Fever
• Chills
• Cough
• Dizziness
• Wheezing
• Urinary tract and wound infections

NDM 1 high risk groups include:

• Those who have recently been to India or Pakistan
• Those who have been in contact with someone who has recently traveled to India or Pakinstan
• Those who have weakened immune systems

NDM-1 Facts

• E. Coli: NDM-1 gene has been found inside the E. Coli bacteria
• Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Known as a bacteria hosting NDM-1
• Common symptoms: Urinary tract infections, blood infections, diarrhea
• Bacteremia: Means bacteria in blood, may lead to blood infections or sepsis.

The NDM 1 enzyme is especially prevalent in patients who went to India or Pakistan which are popular destinations for cosmetic surgery procedures. The NDM-1 concern has reached a global level because of medical tourism and international travel. The NDM-1 superbug has the potential to go global quickly.

Read More: India Medical Tourism